We offer a look at the reunification of Western Belarus and BSSR from different perspectives and to realize the price they paid for the Belarusian national unity.
Well, try to imagine a more complete history of Western Belarus, writes the historian Igor Melnikov in the online newspaper ...
Outside it was in March 1921. Just ended a bloody battle of Warsaw in which the gallant Red Army Tukhachevsky, who, by the way, the whole battle in the staff car outlasted in Minsk, and failed to crush the Polish gentry, and now the Polish army is in Minsk and Kamenetz Podolsk Zaslavl. ... What are they? .
But the Poles were afraid of such generosity. The Polish government at that time there was a real war between ... Pilsudski, who wanted to build a new Rzeczpospolita on the principles of autonomy for national minorities, and the ... Dmowski, who opposed any freedoms for minorities. Stanisław Grabski, the informal leader of the Polish delegation and colleague Dmowski, clearly stated that in Riga, you need to put an end to all games in the ... Other members of the Polish delegation also supported Grabski. So, Minsk and Bobruisk Zaslavl his strength ( which is so often remembered later the Polish general N. Dovbor- Musnicki ) remained on the Soviet side, and half of the ethnically Belarusian lands became part of the Second Polish Republic.
Now think, what were actually negotiated in Riga? . But from a human point of view, the Bolsheviks and the Poles of Belarus simply divided among themselves, guided by their interests, and, as seen above, while in 1921, our Eastern neighbors, Belarus traded in the district, like a sausage on the market.
Brest, 1938.
In the period from 1921 to 1939. Western Belarus was living a life of its special. Not to say that there was very nice and sweet, but also exaggerate, emphasizing the ... Of course, there were those who thought the Belarusians ... But with all this today, when you talk to ordinary Belarusian peasants, who lived ...
Recently, I was able to meet with a very interesting old lady who lives in Miadel district of Minsk region. Grandma Mary is 90 years old, but her memory be envied by many young people. Her story about those times - the best documentary evidence of that era.
Mary was born in a peasant family of the Belarusian. Did not live lavishly, but did not go cap in hand. Earth was 4 acres, a cow, pig, orchard and garden. As a result of injuries his father became disabled, and his mother received a pension for him. The girl went to school, the new building which was built in 1930. ... According to the recollections of my opponent, the school building was a big, beautiful, bright. A total of 250 students had learned it, and the teachers were only four. But they were true professionals. In their studies, according to an old woman, was very interesting and informative. At school, studied together and the Poles, and Belarusians. My grandmother, Maria recalls that her son was sitting at the desk of the Polish police, with whom she got on very well. Among themselves saying it in Polish, the ... e. in Belarusian. And all understand each other.
... If the family was poor and needy, the Polish government paid a benefit given to the parents to feed every child. Our family had three children, Mama received a grant from the view of purchasing power for each of us. Here's how it was ...
In the village lived together and the Poles, and Belarusians. In recognition of Mary's grandmother, lived in peace and friendship. ... For us, Belarusians, and they were all equally. And in education and in life. Worked for Pan, well, he's paid for this work. The manager came to hire labor to ... We all went because we knew that this pan, and pay, and will be well fed. Who does not have enough land left to work in the Baltics. Many traveled to Estonia and Latvia. Well it is possible to freely travel, ...
The village had a church and the church. The Polish authorities have not oppressed the Orthodox and Roman Catholic priest and the priest were often seen together going on the street. ( I'd add that, for example, in the Polish Army with the full custody of the church of the Orthodox religious soldiers. The Polish army was 14 Orthodox chaplains, and from 1938 were added to 12 auxiliary. Polish soldiers of Belarusian origin had the opportunity to visit Orthodox churches at all, without exception, religious holidays. In 1937, the disposal of the soldiers was 14 Orthodox churches. In 1925. with a circulation of 15 thousand. copies of the prayer book was issued for the Orthodox soldiers EP. In 1938,. This prayer book was reissued with a circulation of 25 thousand. copies specifically for the Polish Army soldiers Belarus ).
Garrison Church of the Brest Fortress. 1936.
Belarusian Orthodox disciples to the church drove the teacher, by the way, a Catholic, by religion. Almost every week my father came to the school and conducted classes on religion. For Catholics, in turn, came to the priest. If you have any Orthodox holiday, Belarusian kiddies are not allowed to come to school. How can ...
Was distributed system hutornaya. He came and carried the surveyor marking the land. Thus, each household received its strip of land. Some peasants endured, and their homes closer to the selected land allotments.
My grandmother, Maria remembers voit Miadzieł municipality. ... Not poor, certainly, but not able to boast of his wealth. But the Belarusians treated with great respect. His name was Alfred Wojciechowski. I remember that we are always on the cart picked up in school. We 're going on the road, and enter the driver rides. He took us how many were on the road, a full planting ... By the way, the building was a commune in the area of the phone. Children from the school were taken on a tour there, and the secretary, Mr. Machulsky gave students listen to this bizarre apparatus. ...
But as the days Borisevich recalls Anton, a pensioner from the village Rubiaževičy: ... The peasants made sausage, chased moonshine and selling it all eastern neighbors. Polish border guards did not cling to the smugglers, were allowed to trade. But when they came to the Soviets, any trade immediately turned out to be ... But it was necessary to live somehow. Needed money, and how they earn? . But try to say something against the Soviet regime, immediately comes the ...
Another resident Rubiaževičy Trostyanka Joseph told me that the whole village worked on the ... ... ... After all, he gave a job and bread, ... And when they came to the Soviets, the house, ... It has become very poor.
By the way, my grandmother Mary of the district Myadel your memories on September 17, 1939. On this day, along with other children, Maria went to school and suddenly I saw a soldier. Their shape is different from the one in which there were Poles, and the caps were large red stars. ... ... They did not understand what these people want from us ...
Arriving at the school, the children saw the weeping teacher. Her husband, the director, had just taken the soldiers. In the eyes of the frightened children, the same people who were looking for landlords to join the rifles with bayonets, brought home from school teachers left the highway and taken to an unknown destination. On the men went and arrested the teacher. It was after childbirth, a woman has recently had a son. Voigt also arrested. True, Alfred Wojciechowski, in a sense, lucky. He was exiled to Kazakhstan SSR, and in 1941. Sikorsky after contract - May, a former Miadzieł Voigt joined the army of General Anders and fought against the Nazis on the fronts of the Second World. After the war, the man returned to Poland.
NKVD arrested and local forester. For what? . The entire family of this man in 1940 was sent to Siberia. ...
Even yesterday, peaceful, the village suddenly split into ... Soviet activists were lists of ... Often, when drawing up such documents unscrupulous people are guided by the banal to the envy of more successful neighbor. People were forcibly relocated to farms. ... And then all of a sudden become a common. And all the land pozabirali. That's how I remember those difficult times ...
Member of the Great Patriotic War, Grodno writer Alex Karpyuk well remembers the events. ... He participated in the Communist underground. But have to say. If ... And most importantly, written from different points of view. When were the trials of communists, then in all the papers were transcripts of the hearing. When was the trial of Sergei Pritytskogo ( IPPC activities ), then of course all learned from the newspapers. All of Poland on strike. What happened after September 1939? . NKVD destroyed it, along with relatives. Arrested and other members of the Komsomol. If these arrests have taken place ... Everyone was afraid. And what are we fighting? ...
If we are following the September 17, 1939 arrests of communists and Komsomol members of the west, what to talk about the soldiers of the Polish Army, Polish police, the Polish administration. These categories of Polish citizens the Soviet government put a priori outside the law, giving them the name of ... In the period from 17. 09. 1939 to 22. 06. 1941 on the territory of Western Belarus were arrested 44,981 people. Most of these people will later be executed or will be in the construction of the Gulag. On the territory of the western regions of the Byelorussian SSR in the period from 1939 to 1941 there have been four waves of deportations. The last trains to leave the BSSR deported in June 1941 is a German aircraft bombs. Up to now not found the infamous ... Now experts in Poland and Belarus are engaged in the reconstruction of this document. It is important to understand that among the killed when a significant number of Polish citizens were ethnic Belarusians. ... It is also a tragedy for Belarus.
Another aspect of the history of the ... You read the documents and you wonder. The Soviet government came to Western Belarus, like a bear in a china shop, like a barbarian in an art gallery, destroying and plundering everything in its path.
Despite the fact that after September 1939 between the western and eastern part of Belarus continued to remain bound to the west flooded a huge variety of responsible and authorized companions performing ...
Look at the photos of the pre-war residents of West Belarus. Beautiful coat, wide-brimmed hats, furs, luxury dresses, made to European fashion. People went to the European and American cars. The shops sold almost everything, and there was no queue. Those who have lived for 20 years under Soviet rule East Belarusians who were fortunate enough to be in Western Belarus after its accession to the Soviet Union, his eyes could not believe seeing those stores, ...
Just as soon as the fighting in western Belarus rushed emissaries of Moscow and Leningrad museums seeking valuable and rare exhibits. In 1940 the Moscow Historical Museum acquired a large number of interesting items from the western part of Belarus. Central Museum of Atheism has two carriages of ancient books and utensils of the church (about 30 thousand. exhibits), which previously belonged to the church of Pinsk seminary. Was robbed and Castle in Niasvizh Radziwill. Part of the items taken in Minsk ( the archive and library of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR ), the other farther to the east. Some pictures from the castle to the State recovered the BSSR gallery, a collection of historical weapons came to the Belarusian studio. Hunter's collection was in Bialystok, and the furniture went to the Opera and Ballet Theatre in Minsk. However, at the time of sending the rarities of the Niasvizh castle, there is a lot of things were stolen by local representatives of the Soviet.
In those days, Ming bazaars were filled with the things of the West. Liberators sold all that was taken out of the former Eastern Poland. According to the estimates of Polish historians, material losses in the field of culture in Western Belarus amounted to about $ 2 billion. modern zloty.
Here are some facts about how, with what has come to the western Belarusians ... Of course, September 17, 1939 was one of the most important events in the history of Belarus. Formed when the geographical contours of the country, with minor modifications ( Bialystok area after World War II was transferred to Poland ) survived. But along with the red flags of Belarus arrived in the West and Soviet reality, manifested in massive repression, Russification, anti-religious policy of Belarus and the destruction of historical heritage, which the Poles in the twenty years of its independence, not only preserved, but multiplied.
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